ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Determination of Paraquat by Silver Nanoparticles
In this work, we describe a simple, selective and sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of Paraquat. In this approach, the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) solution was stabilized by the citrate anions which repulsed and protected the AgNPs from aggregation. Paraquat was added to AgNPs solution and was incubated to react for 6 min. The resulting mixture color was changed. These processes were studied and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Several parameters such as size and concentration of nanoparticles, reaction time and pH of medium that governed the analytical performance of the method have been studied in detail and optimized. Paraquat could be selectively detected in concentration range from 0.1to 0.02μM with a limit of detection as 0.01μM. Some common ions such Mg+2, Au+2, Cd+2 and No3- showed no interference in the determination of Paraquat.
https://www.ajchem-b.com/article_136526_7e1a743e6f6dab2a9a4220dc164e222d.pdf
2021-12-01
311
322
10.22034/ajcb.2021.302596.1092
Paraquat
Silver nanoparticle
Herbicide, Colorimetric spectroscopy
Neda
koohzadi
n.koohzadi@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Ilam branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
Zeinab
Rezayati Zad
zeinabchemrad61@gmail.com
2
Department of Food and Drug, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Computational study of the effectiveness of natural herbal derivatives on COVID-19 virus
In the present paper, an attempt has been made to study the COVID-19 virus that caused hundreds of thousands of deaths and instigated widespread fear, threatening the world’s most advanced health security. In 2020, natural herbal derivatives are among the drugs tested against the coronavirus pandemic and showed an apparent efficacy. In the present work, We report a systematic study of e-learning by chemical computing the natural herbs have been proposed as a potential antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19 diseases combining DFT and molecular docking calculations Molecular geometries, electronic properties, and molecular electrostatic potential were investigated by using software Hyperchem 08, where the internal energy of seasonal influenza virus and COVID-19 respectively, (-1678.045 kcal/mol) and (-3020 kcal/mol) to find that the difference in energy is twice for seasonal influenza, which makes the kinetic energy high for COVID-19 Which is attributable to the high temperature and headache for people with it, so that internal energy of the plants used as a temporary treatment (Thyme, Anise, Cinnamon, and Eugenol) respectively (4.056 kcal/mol, -47.40 kcal/mol, -53.83 kcal/mol, -218.84 kcal/mol) which is anise closest in internal energy of the virus COVID-19 so, remains incomplete, will be as a temporary protector as a reliever in case of infection.
https://www.ajchem-b.com/article_140677_dffa54fc38802d48623dceb37c6f9dbc.pdf
2021-12-01
323
332
10.22034/ajcb.2021.305568.1094
COVID-19
seasonal influenza
Thyme, Anise
Cinnamon, and Eugenol
internal energy
Molecular Modeling
Computational chemistry
boubaker
hosouna
bou.hosouna@sebhau.edu.ly
1
Chemistry Department - College of Science - Sebha University – Libya
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamed
Malek
2
Physics Department - College of Science - Sebha University - Libya
AUTHOR
Saieed Mohamed
Abdelsalam
3
Biotechnology Research Center - University of Tripoli - Libya
AUTHOR
Z.D.
Ahwidy
4
Physics Department - College of Science - Sebha University - Libya
AUTHOR
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Thomas G Ksiazek1, Dean Erdman, Cynthia S Goldsmith, Sherif R Zaki, Teresa Peret, Shannon Emery, Suxiang Tong, Carlo Urbani, James A Comer, Wilina Lim, Pierre E Rollin, Scott F Dowell, Ai-Ee Ling, Charles D Humphrey, Wun-Ju Shieh, Jeannette Guarner, Christopher D Paddock, Paul Rota, Barry Fields, Joseph DeRisi, Jyh-Yuan Yang, Nancy Cox, James M Hughes, James W LeDuc, William J Bellini, Larry J Anderson, SARS Working Group, A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 348(2003) 1953-1966.
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, Energy framework, and Molecular docking analysis of 4-(methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
The crystal structure of (4-methoxyphenyl) acetic acid (C9H10O3) exists in the monoclinic space group P21/c having unit cell parameters: a = 16.268 (15), b = 5.858 (5), c = 9.157 (8) Å, β = 95.24 (2)°, and Z = 4. The structure has been solved by X-ray diffraction methods and it converges to a final reliability index of 0.0620 for 1117 observed reflections. Two intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type C-H....O and O-H....O have been observed. The O-H....O hydrogen bond leads to the formation of a dimer with R22 (8) graph set motif and it is found linked to another C-H....O intermolecular hydrogen bond. The molecule has been characterized for Hirshfeld surface, energy frameworks and molecular docking studies. The Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis was performed for the identification of all the close contacts and their strength in the crystal structure. The energy frameworks were analyzed to examine the molecular stability and also to ascertain the dominant energy component. The molecular docking investigations lead to the finding that (4-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid may act as an active anti-microbial (antibacterial and antifungal) drug.
https://www.ajchem-b.com/article_141864_9bbe1bed6885ed84997419af9808ac3c.pdf
2021-12-16
333
347
10.22034/ajcb.2021.307316.1097
crystal structure
X-ray diffraction
Intermolecular Interactions
Hirshfeld surface
Molecular docking
Hydrogen bonding
Crystallography
Ruchika
Sharma
ruchi18nik@gmail.com
1
Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180006, India.
AUTHOR
Sumati
Anthal
sumatianthal@gmail.com
2
Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180006, India.
AUTHOR
Nitin
Ghatpande
nitin@rosslife.net
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban-4041, South Africa.
AUTHOR
Mahidansha
Shaikh
shaiksm@ukzn.ac.za
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban-4041, South Africa.
AUTHOR
Jagannath
Jadhav
jadhavjs97@rediffmail.com
5
Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, M.S., India.
AUTHOR
Saminathan
Murugavel
smurugavel27@gmail.com
6
Department of Physics, Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore- 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
AUTHOR
Sonachalam
Sundramoorthy
sunphysics17@gmail.com
7
Department of Physics, Agni College of Technology OMR, Thalambur, Chennai-600130, Tamil Nadu, India.
AUTHOR
RAJNI
Kant
rkant.ju@gmail.com
8
Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180006, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. via Microwave-Assisted Extraction
Due to the toxicity of synthetic antioxidants, their application has been limited or even banned in certain countries. The extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids from plant matrices is carried out utilizing a variety of solvents. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid composition of Rosmarinus officinalis L., often referred to as rosemary. The study also examines the potential application of rosemary as a natural antioxidant in the food industry. The extraction technique in this study included maceration and microwave-assisted extraction. Maceration was chosen as the traditional extraction technique, while microwave-assisted extraction was used to reduce the extraction time and solvent volume. In both the traditional and microwave-assisted extraction methods, methanol was employed as a solvent. The total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, metal chelating ability, and beta-carotene and lycopene levels of the samples were determined. TPC yielded 40 and 43 mg/g, TFC yielded 12.4 and 20 mg/g, FRAP yielded 37 and 49 mg/g, and MCC yielded 133 and 134 mg/g, respectively, for conventional and microwave-assisted extraction methods. In comparison to the conventional technique, the microwave-assisted extraction method resulted in greater quantities of bioactive compounds. Additionally, rosemary's beta-carotene and lycopene contents were determined to be 8652 and 7849 mg/g dried plant, respectively. Microwave-assisted extraction was found to be more successful, quicker, and less solvent-intensive than the conventional method. Additionally, rosemary is suggested in the food sector as a natural antioxidant instead of a synthetic antioxidant to prevent health-damaging consequences.
https://www.ajchem-b.com/article_142657_ea225fade3542796791105f822773b27.pdf
2021-12-01
348
360
10.22034/ajcb.2021.306163.1096
Microwave-assisted extraction
Phenolic composition
Flavonoid content
Antioxidant effect
Rosemary
Emel
Akbaba
eakbaba@firat.edu.tr
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig-Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehmet
Yaman
myaman@firat.edu.tr
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig-Turkey
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Contents of some Macro and Trace Elements in Uniflora and Multiflora Honey Samples Collected from Three Regions in East Libya
Honey is used for nutritional, therapeutic and manufacturing purposes and it is a significant product in the global market. Honey is defending as a natural indicator of floral biodiversity and environmental quality. In this study, the levels of some macro and trace elements (main mineral contents) including numbers of heavy metalswere evaluated in honey samples from beekeepers in three different regions in east Libya including Benghazi, Maraj and Ajdabiya, during 2018.These samples include; uniflora and multiflora honey. The levels of ten elements were measured; sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K),magnesium (Mg), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al) and toxic elements; such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).The results showed, the ranges of macro minerals, Na, Ca, K and Mg varied from 10.93-32.30,39.14-298.5, 176.24-734.28 and 12.62-55.26mg/kg, respectively, and the ranges of trace and toxic elements, Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Cd and Pb varied from 0.428-2.508, 0.248-0.720, 0.021-0.610, 0.009-0.0423, 0-0.011 and0-0.009 mg/kg, respectively. Also, the concentration of all elements was statistically significant difference within all samples (P<0.05), except Zn. The levels of macro and trace elements in the selected Libyan honey samples were variable, while Cd and Pb elements were detected in few honey samples and not detected in the rest. This study reveals that Libyan honeys were of high quality, rich in minerals and safe with trace elements present within permissible limits of the Libyan Standard Legislation.
https://www.ajchem-b.com/article_142677_58fd50e13e77b2a11b80b7882ead087c.pdf
2021-12-01
361
374
10.22034/ajcb.2021.316305.1099
Macro Element
trace elements
Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
uniflora honey
multiflora honey
Nagwa H. S.
Ahmida
najwa.ahmida@uob.edu.ly
1
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
LEAD_AUTHOR
Najma H.
Towier
najma.towier@uob.edu.ly
2
Chemistry Department, Art&amp; Science Faculty-Tokra, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
AUTHOR
Seham
Shaboun
seham.shaboun@uob.edu.ly
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
AUTHOR
Salwa
Rahil
slmslm198000@gmail.com
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Art and Science-Tokra/University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
AUTHOR
Aziza
Ahmida
aziaelwarfally@yahoo.com
5
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Libya
AUTHOR
Randa.
El-zwaeya
randa.elzwaey@uob.edu.ly
6
Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
AUTHOR
Abdelkarem
Elgazali
abdelkarem.elgazali@uob.edu.ly
7
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Art and Science-Tokra/University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
AUTHOR
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Metal Composition of Cast Iron Disc Used in Local Grinding Machine
The need to prevent metal-related sickness is the driving force for this research. The research evaluates the composition and concentration of metals present in cast iron grinding disc used for local grinding. Different acidic mixtures were used to digest the pulverized cast-iron disc, and atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis revealed the presence of essential minerals such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and toxic metals like metals cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel. The concentration of the metals varies in different ranges cadmium 0.73 to 3.44, chromium 0.88 to 6.80, lead 0.55 to 1.58, nickel 0.40 to 7.17, manganese 3.12 to 21.00, zinc 2.03 to 40.50, iron 1.93 to 49.16 and copper 3.00 to 26.92 all in mg/kg. The presence of heavy metals in the grinding disc could be a source of food contamination and possible potential health risks.
https://www.ajchem-b.com/article_142854_19051da30c5fc6e32bca8a07bc084272.pdf
2021-12-01
375
383
10.22034/ajcb.2021.302543.1095
heavy metals
Cast iron
Grinders
Digestion
Acid
Damilola
Petinrin
damilola.petinrin@uky.edu
1
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adeyemi
Adebisi
adeyemiadebisi007@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Olugbenga
Oluwasina
oooluwasina@futa.edu.ng
3
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
AUTHOR
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Syntheses, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Some New (2E)-1-(4'-bromophenyl)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one Chalcones and their analogues
Eight novel triphenylamine chalcones with different substitution patterns were successfully synthesized using the conventional Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction in basic medium at room temperature, and purified by recrystallization method using ethanol, the percentage yield of the compounds were between 30 – 92 %. The synthesis of the target chalcones involves a nucleophilic enolate attack on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of 4-(Diphenylamino) benzaldehyde resulting in the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond. The triphenylamine chalcones were characterized by means of FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial screening against different pathogens revealed that, all synthesized compounds showed marked activity against the tested microbe. (E)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-(3'-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1b) showed the highest zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger, measuring 30 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results revealed that, (E)-1-(4'-bromophenyl)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1a), (E)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-(3'-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1b), (E)-1-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1c), (E)-3-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-(4'-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1d) and (E)-4-(3-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylbut-3-en-1-one (2d) had the lowest MIC and inhibit Aspergillus niger growth at 12.5 µg/ml. All the synthesized compounds showed an MBC/MFC effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger at 50 µg/ml.
https://www.ajchem-b.com/article_142859_2fae43d86550876e13de5a626e8b9477.pdf
2021-12-01
384
397
10.22034/ajcb.2021.320216.1103
Antibiotics
Condensation
Recrystallization
Acetophenone
propiophenone
Benzaldehyde
Abdulrazaq
Tukur
abdulrazaqtukur@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
James
Dama Habila
hery234@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Rachael
Ayo
gbekeayo@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Ogunkemi
Iyun
ruggtrer@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
AUTHOR
[1] A. Phrutıvorapongkul, V. Lıpıpun, N. Ruangrungsı, K. Kırtıkara, K. Nıshıkawa, S, Maruyama and T. Ishıkawa, Studies on the chemical constituents of stem bark of Millettialeucantha: isolation of new chalcones with cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-inflammatory activities. Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 51 (2003) 187-190.
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[2] J.H. Cheng, C.F. Hung, S.C. Yang, J.P. Wang, S.J. Won and C.N. Lin, Synthesis and cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities of 2, 5-dialkoxylchalcones as cancer chemopreventive agents. Bioorg. Medicinal Chemistry, 16 (2008) 7270-7276.
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[3] H. Rücker, N. Al-Rifai, A. Rascle, E. Gottfried, L. Brodziak-Jarosz, C. Gerhäuser, and S. Amslinger, Enhancing anti-inflammatory activity of chalcones by tuning the Michael acceptor site. Biomolecules Chemistry, 13 (2015) 3040–3047
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[4] A.P. Bonakdar, F. Vafaei, M. Farokhpour, M.N. Esfahani and A.R. Massah, Synthesis and anticancer activity assay of novel chalcone-sulfonamide derivatives. Iran Journal of Pharmaceutical Res, 16 (2017) 565–568.
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[5] P. Shukla, M. Satyanarayana, P.C. Verma, J. Tiwari, A.P. Dwivedi, R. Srivastava and R. Pratap, Chalcone-based aryloxypropanolamine as a potential antidiabetic and antidyslipidaemic agent. Curriculum of Science, 12 (2017) 1675–1689
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[6] A.M. Katsori and D. Hadjipavlou-Litina, Chalcones in cancer: understanding their role in terms of QSAR. Curriculumn of Medicinal Chemistry, 16 (2009) 1062-1081
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[7] G. Achanta, A. Modzelewska, L. Feng, S.R. Khan and A. Huang, Boronic-chalcone derivative exhibits potent anticancer activity through inhibition of the proteasome. Molecular Pharmacology, 7 (2006) 426-433.
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[8] A. Modzelewska, C. Pettit, G. Achanta, N.E. Davidson, P. Huang and S.R. Khan, Anticancer activities of novel chalcone and bis-chalcone derivatives. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, 14 (2006) 3491-3495.
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[9] S.K. Kumar, E. Hager, C. Pettit, H. Gurulingappa, N.E. Davidson and S.R. Khan, Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel Boronic-chalcone derivatives as antitumor agents. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 46 (2003) 2813-2815
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[10] K.L. Lahtchev, D.I. Batovska, S.P. Parushev, V.M. Ubiyvovk and A.A. Sibirny, In vitro `antifungal evaluation and structure-activity relationships of a new series of chalcone derivatives and synthetic analogues, with inhibitory properties against polymers of the fungal cell wall. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 43 (2008) 2220-2228.
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[11] M. Sortino, P. Delgado, S. Juarez, J. Quiroga, R. Abonia, B. Insuasty S. Zacchino, In vitro
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antifungal activity of new series of homoallylamines and related compounds with inhibitory properties of the synthesis of fungal cell wall polymers. Bioorg. Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (2007) 1531-1550.
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[12] S.N. Lopez, M.V. Castelli, S.A. Zacchino, J.N. Dominguez, G. Lobo, J. Charris and R.D. Enriz, In vitro antifungal evaluation and structure-activity relationships of a new series of chalcone derivatives and synthetic analogues, with inhibitory properties against polymers of the fungal cell wall. Bioorg. Medicinal Chemistry, 9 (2001) 1999-2013.
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[13] T.M. Osorio, F.D. Monache, L.D. Chiaradia, A. Mascarello, T.R. Stumpf, C.R. Zanetti, A.
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Smânia, Antibacterial activity of chalcones, hydrazones and oxadiazoles against methicillin-resistant. Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg. Medicinal Chemistry Letter, 22 (2012) 225 –230.
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[14] N. Selvakumar, G.S. Kumar, A.M. Azhagan, G.G. Rajulu, S. Sharma, M.S. Kumar, S. Trehan, Synthesis, SAR and antibacterial studies on novel chalcone oxazolidinone hybrids. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 42 (2007) 538-543.
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[15] H.P. Avila, E.F. Smania, F.D. Monache and A. Smania, Structure-activity relationship of antibacterial chalcones. Bioorg Medicinal Chemistry, 16 (2008) 9790-9794.
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[16] S. Pradip, M. Khushboo, C. Anand, G. Devanshi, S. Sudha, K. Sweta and K. Meena,
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Activity of newly synthesized chalcone derivatives against H1N1 virus supported by molecular docking and membrane interaction studies. Journal of Antivirous Antiretrovir, 8 (2016) 79–89.
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[17] Z. Nowakowska, A review of antiinfective and anti-inflammatory chalcones. European
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Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 42 (2007) 125-137.
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[18] D. Kozlowski, P. Trouillas, C. Calliste, P. Marsal, R. Lazzaroni and J.L. Duroux, Density
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functional theory study of the conformational, electronic and antioxidant properties of natural chalcones. Journal of Physics and Chemistry, 1 (2007) 1138-1145
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[19] Z. Xu, S. Zhao, Z. Lv, L. Feng, Y. Wang, F. Zhang and J. Deng, Benzofuran derivatives and their anti-turbacular and anti-bacterial activities. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 162 (2019) 266-276.
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[20] F. Herencia, M.P. Lopez-Garcıa, A. Ubeda and M.L. Ferrandiz, Nitric oxide-scavenging properties of some chalcone derivatives. Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 6 (2002) 242-246.
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[21] P. Quintana-Espinoza, C. Yanez, C.A. Escobar, D. Sicker, R. Araya-Maturana and J.A. Squella, Electrochemical approach to the radical anion formation from 2’-hydroxy chalcone derivatives. Electroanal., 18 (2006) 521-525.
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[22] B.P. Bandgar, S.S. Jalde, L.K. Adsul, S.N. Shringare, S.V. Lonikar, R.N. Gacche and A.L.
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Shirfule, Synthesis of new olefin chalcone derivatives as antitumor, antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Medicinal Chemistry Residence, 21 (2012) 4512–4522.
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[23] G. Avila-Villarreal, O. Hernández-Abreu, S. Hidalgo-Figueroa, G. Navarrete-Vázquez, F. Escalante-Erosa, L.M. Pena-Rodríguez and S. Estrada-Soto, Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of dihydrospinochalcone-A isolated from Lonchocarpus xuul Lundell by NO production: Computational and ex vivo approaches. Phytomedicine, 20 (2013) 1241–1246.
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[24] M. Sangeetha, C.R. Reichal and N. Thirumoorthy, Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel heterocyclic chalcone derivatives. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 3 (2017) 263-267.
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[25] G. Romanelli, G. Pasquale, A. Sathicq, H. Thomas, J. Autino and P.V. Azquez, Synthesis and medicinal application of chalcones scaffolds. Journal of Molecular Catalyst A Chemistry, 3 (2011) 24-40.
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[26] S. Eddarir, N. Cotelle, Y. Bakkour and C. Rolando, Tetrahedron Letter, 44 (2003) 53-59.
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[27] M.J. Climent, A. Corma, S. Iborra and A. Velty, Synthesis of Chalcones: A Review. Journal of molecular Catalyst, 2 (2004) 474-500.
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[28] P. Jaiswal, P. Dharam, B. Himangini A. Uma, Chalcone and their heterocyclic analogue. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 10 (2018) 160-173
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[29] Z. Hongtian , T. Lei, Z. Chenghong, W. Baochu, Y. Pingrong, H. Dian, Z. Lifang, Z. Yang, Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives: Inducing Apoptosis of HepG2 Cells via Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Pathway, 2019.
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[30] D. Karou, A. Savadogo, A. Canini, S. Yameogo, C. Montesano, J. Simpore, V. Colizzi, and A.S. Traore, Antibacterial activity of alkaloids from Sida acuta. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5 (2006) 195-200.
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[31] L.L. Bruton, J.S. Lazo and K.L. Parker, The Pharmaceutical basis of therapeutics (Ed 11th) Mc Graw-Hill medical publishing division, New York, 2007.
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